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To cut through some of this confusion surrounding bitcoin, we need to separate it into two components. On the one hand, you have bitcoin-the-token, a snippet of code that represents ownership of a digital concept type of like a digital IOU. On the other hand, you've got bitcoin-the-protocol, a distributed network that maintains a ledger of balances of bitcoin-the-token.
The machine enables payments to be sent between users without passing through a central authority, like a bank or payment gateway. It's made and held electronically. Bitcoins arent printed, for example dollars or euros theyre made by computers all around the planet, using free software.
It was the first example of what we call cryptocurrencies, a growing strength class that shares some features of traditional currencies, with verification based on cryptography.
A pseudonymous software developer going by the name of Satoshi Nakamoto suggested bitcoin in 2008, as an electronic payment system based on mathematical evidence. The idea was to generate a means of exchange, independent of any central authority, which could be transferred electronically in a secure, verifiable and immutable manner.
Bitcoins most important characteristic is that it is decentralized. No single institution controls the bitcoin network. It's maintained by a group of volunteer coders, and run through an open network of committed computers spread around the world. This brings individuals and groups who are uncomfortable with all the control that banks or government institutions have over their money. .
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Bitcoin simplifies the dual spending problem of electronic currencies (in which digital assets can readily be copied and re-used) via an ingenious combination of cryptography and economic incentives. In electronic fiat currencies, this function is fulfilled by banks, which gives them control over the traditional system. Together with bitcoin, the integrity of the transactions is maintained by a distributed and open network, owned by no-one. .
Fiat currencies (dollars, euros, yen, etc.) have an unlimited supply central banks can issue as many as they want, and can attempt to manipulate a currencys worth relative to other people. Holders of this currency (and especially citizens with very little alternative) keep the cost.
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Together with bitcoin, on the other hand, the supply is closely controlled by the underlying algorithm. Even a small number of new bitcoins trickle out every hourand will continue to do so at a diminishing rate until a max of 21 million has been attained. This creates bitcoin more appealing as an asset in theory, if demand grows and the distribution remains the same, the value will increase. .
While senders of traditional electronic payments are often identified (for verification purposes, and to comply with anti-money laundering and other legislation), users of bitcoin in theory function in semi-anonymity. Since there is no central validator, users do not need to identify themselves when sending bitcoin to another user. When a transaction request is filed, the protocol assesses all prior transactions to confirm that the sender has the necessary bitcoin in addition to the authority to send them.
In practice, every user is identified by the address of their wallet. Transactions can, with a little effort, be tracked this way. Also, law enforcement has developed approaches to identify consumers if necessary.
Furthermore, most exchanges are required by legislation to perform identity checks on their customers before they're permitted to buy or sell bitcoin, facilitating another manner that bitcoin utilization can be tracked. Since the network is transparent, the progress of a particular transaction is visible to all.
This is because there's absolutely no central adjudicator that can say ok, return the money. If a transaction is listed on the network, and if more than an hour has passed, then it's impossible to modify.
Even though this might disquiet some, it does mean that any transaction on the bitcoin network cannot be tampered with.
The smallest unit of a bitcoin is referred to as a satoshi. It is one hundred millionth of a bitcoin (0.00000001) in todays prices, roughly one hundredth of review a cent. This could conceivably enable microtransactions that traditional electronic money cannot.
Bitcoin is a digital currency, also known as a cryptocurrency. It had been invented in 2008 by an anonymous person or group named Satoshi Nakamoto.